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- 10.00am - 5.30pm
- FREE
- Chelsea, London
Divine Service on Sunday in Bulford Camp, Salisbury Plain, 1902
Origins
During the British Civil Wars (1639-51), many Parliamentarian army units had a strong religious element. But formal religious provision to soldiers only began in 1796, when the government formed the Army Chaplains’ Department. Its first Chaplain General was the Reverend John Gamble.
Ever since, the Department has provided spiritual support, pastoral care and moral guidance to soldiers. Its personnel are ordained in the church, but hold ranks equivalent to ordinary officer ranks. However, they are all referred to as ‘padre’, regardless of their equivalent rank.
Initially, only troops belonging to the Church of England received religious guidance. But in 1836, following Catholic emancipation, the Department took on its first Roman Catholic clergy.
Officers' cap badge, Royal Army Chaplains' Department, c1980
Soldiers attending Divine Service, c1798
Deployments
Members of the Department took part in all of the Army’s campaigns in the 19th century. In the early stages of the Crimean War (1854-56), only one chaplain was available to minister for the entire British force deployed there. The subsequent public outcry led to 60 more being funded by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel.
In 1858, the Department recruited its first official Presbyterian chaplains. It then began recruiting Methodist chaplains in 1881 and Jewish chaplains in 1892. The latter also had a separate Star of David cap badge.
The Reverend James Adams won the Department’s first Victoria Cross (VC) serving with the 9th Lancers at Killa Kazi (11 December 1879) during the Second Afghan War (1878-80).
Divine Service at The King's Palace, Mandalay, Burma, 1885
Quiz
Which of the following is the motto of the Royal Army Chaplains' Department?
Select the correct answer
In god we trust
In this sign conquer
God is with us
Did you know...
According to legend, the words 'In this sign conquer' were seen by Constantine, Rome’s first Christian emperor, in his vision of the cross before victory at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312. The motto is displayed on Christian chaplains’ cap badges only.
First World War
Several chaplains were criticised for their jingoism during the First World War (1914-18). Father Bernard Vaughan, for example, stated that it was the soldiers’ ‘business to keep on killing Germans’.
Many others gained the respect of ordinary soldiers by serving alongside them in the trenches. Geoffrey Studdert Kennedy gained the nickname ‘Woodbine Willy’ by handing out cigarettes, while Neville Talbot and ‘Tubby’ Clayton founded the Talbot House social centre in Poperinghe in 1915.
Three chaplains were awarded VCs for their actions in the war. Many more were decorated, often for bringing in wounded men. Overall, 179 chaplains died during the conflict. To mark the Department's contribution, King George V granted it the ‘Royal’ prefix in 1919.
Communion set used by Captain the Reverend VG Ballance in Mesopotamia, c1917
Second World War and onwards
The Department continued its work throughout the Second World War (1939-45), introducing a ‘Padre’s Hour’ and training chaplains to meet the needs of new units with different roles, such as the Parachute Regiment. Altogether, 96 British and 38 Commonwealth Army Chaplains died during the war.
Chaplains continued to serve in most post-war deployments, including Korea (1950-53), Suez (1956), Aden (1963-67), Northern Ireland (1969-2007), the Faklands (1982), Bosnia (1992-95), Iraq (2003-09) and Afghanistan (2001-14).
Padre Browne, attached to 3rd County of London Yeomanry, c1942
Chaplain Hugh Gough ministering in the Western Desert, 1942
Today
Chaplains are usually provided to bases or units, often in a set of three (Anglican, Catholic and Non-Conformist). They have non-combatant status and are banned from carrying weapons, even on parade.
Buddhist, Sikh, Hindu and Muslim soldiers are ministered to by four civilian chaplains. Since churches began ordaining women, the Department has also appointed female chaplains.
All Army chaplains are expected to minister to and provide pastoral care to any soldier who needs it, no matter their denomination or faith, or lack of it.
British Army chaplains at Camp Bastion, Helmand, Afghanistan, 2008
Regimental museums
The National Army Museum works with a network of Regimental and Corps Museums across the UK to help preserve and share the history and traditions of the Army and its soldiers.
Discover more about the Royal Army Chaplains' Department by visiting the Royal Army Chaplains' Museum at Shrivenham, Wiltshire.
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