Join Nicholas Badcott as he shares his research into the trophies and souvenirs collected during the Sudan campaign of 1896-99.
One hundred and twenty years ago, British and Egyptian forces united to wrestle back control of the Sudan from the followers of Mohammed Ahmed, the self-styled 'Mahdi' or 'guide'. Led by Major-General Herbert Kitchener, this Anglo-Egyptian army fought fierce battles at Atbara and Omdurman in 1898 that broke the power of the Mahdists.
Thousands of objects were collected by the soldiers on campaign, from weapons, armour, banners, prayer beads and manuscripts to fragments of the Mahdi's tomb.
Letters, diaries and memoirs help to reveal the motivation for collecting these objects, as well as the challenges and difficult journeys faced as the objects travelled north to Egypt and onwards to Britain.
British forces occupied Egypt in 1882 to safeguard the Suez Canal and Britain's financial interests. This led to further intervention in neighbouring Sudan, where two wars against rebellious Islamic tribesmen were fought in hostile desert conditions.
In the 19th century, it was customary for soldiers to claim war trophies as a token of victory after defeating their enemies in battle. But, unlike most trophies, this Ashanti war horn serves as a reminder of defeat.
Field Marshal Herbert Kitchener was famous for colonial victories in the Sudan and South Africa. Later, he helped build Britain’s first mass army during the First World War.